From the traditional belief that India lives in villages to the conviction that this is India’s urban century, the country’s idea of socio-economic growth and development has transformed significantly in the last 75 years. To understand the change in narrative and policy response, the processes of the rural-to-urban transition, its pace and measurement, and the challenges and opportunities it creates, Om Prakash Mathur, one of India’s senior-most policy advisors and scholars on urbanisation, spoke to Shivani Singh.